#H20 PHLO SOCA 2005 FULL#

For the base case, electricity has the highest energy return on investment (EROI), lowest carbon and water footprints among the bioproducts.

A farm to factory gate attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to assess the energy and carbon footprints whereas the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) CropWat model is used to estimate the water footprint (green, blue and grey). The current study assesses life cycle energy, carbon and water footprint of sugarcane based sugar, ethanol and electricity in India. Sugarcane is an important cash crop used for producing sweeteners and also some bioproducts (alcohol and bioenergy). The identification of areas at risk of increased droughts can be important information for policy makers to take precautionary measures to avoid negative hydrological impacts of increased ethanol demand. Locally, considerable changes may also occur in other regions, including the Northeast Coast and Northern Amazon region.īecause the South East and Centre West Cerrado regions are responsible for a large proportion of agricultural production, increased agricultural drought may result in significant economic losses, while increased hydrological drought could exacerbate existing problems of water supply to large metropolitan areas in these regions. Differences in agricultural and hydrological drought between the ethanol and reference scenario are most notable in the Centre West Cerrado and Southeast regions. The differences between the ethanol and the reference scenario are small when averaged over macro-regions, but can be considerable at a local scale. The results show that, on average, 29% of the Centre West Cerrado region is projected to experience agricultural drought between 20, and the drought deficit in this region is projected to be 7% higher in the ethanol scenario compared to the reference. We compare an ethanol scenario with increased ethanol demand to a reference situation in which ethanol demand does not increase. Drought due to sugarcane expansion is modelled using a spatial terrestrial hydrological model (PCR-GLOBWB) with spatiotemporally variable land-use change and climate change scenarios as input. This study assesses the impacts of projected ethanol-driven sugarcane expansion on agricultural and hydrological drought in Brazil. Sugarcane expansion drives both direct and indirect land-use changes, and subsequent changes in hydrology may exacerbate problems of (local) water scarcity. Hence, in regions without water availability issues and with great land-use pressure, the yield intensification promoted by subsurface drip irrigation might be a way to release crop land areas.Įthanol production in Brazil is projected to double between 20 in order to meet increased global demand, resulting in the expansion of sugarcane cultivation.

#H20 PHLO SOCA 2005 FULL#

Considering the vinasse fertigation replacing part of the necessary water volume required to implement subsurface drip irrigation on all the 9750 sugarcane hectares, the increase in rural water withdrawal due to full irrigation was only 17%, against an increase of 47% in sugarcane yield. Practices promotes better use of the water resources showing that there is a potential for yield optimization in areas where reasonable rainfall occurs.

Nevertheless, the yield increase through fertigation The importance of rainfall in the Tiet^eeJacar�e Watershed. The larger fraction of green against blue water footprint confirms On average, the green, blue and grey water footprint found were 145, 38 and 18 m3 Mg�1, respectively lower values when compared to other sugarcane-producing countries. The water footprint scenario considered the vinasse potential for fertigation, partially replacing the average Tiet^eeJacar�e Watershed water deficit, and limiting its application rate in 300 m3 ha�1. Cane yields from five sugarcane crops under two water regimes (rainfed and full irrigation by subsurface drip irrigation), combined with two N fertilization rates (zero and 150 kg ha�1 year�1), were used for water footprint estimation. The water footprint by using vinasse for fertigation.

The objective of this study was to perform a thorough evaluation of the water footprint in the Tiet^e eJacar�e Watershed, analyzing its overall situation, and formulating a constructive reduction response in

H20 phlo soca 2005